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18521536308Model Penal Code (selected)
2022-06-25
1. When the law provides that negligence suffices to establish an element of an offense, such element also is established if a person acts purposely, knowingly or recklessly.
译文：法律规定过失足以构成犯罪要件，行为人的行为存在故意、明知或者盲目自信的情形的，该要件也成立。
2. When acting knowingly suffices to establish an element, such element also is established if a person acts purposely.
译文：法律规定明知足以构成犯罪要件，行为人的行为存在故意的情形的，该要件也成立。
3. When a particular purpose is an element of an offense, the element is established although such purpose is conditional, unless the condition negatives the harm or evil sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense.
译文：法律规定特定目的作为一个犯罪构成要件的，即使是附条件的目的，该要件也成立，但所附条件否定了有关该犯罪的法律旨在防止的伤害或者犯罪行为的除外。
4. When knowledge of the existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge is established if a person is aware of a high probability of its existence, unless he actually believes that it does not exist.
译文：犯罪构成要件要求当事人知道存在特定事实，当事人很可能知道该事实的，推定当事人知道该事实，但当事人实际上认为不存在该事实的除外。
5. A requirement that an offense be committed wilfully is satisfied if a person acts knowingly with respect to the material elements of the offense, unless a purpose to impose further requirements appears.
译文：当事人的行为在犯罪的实质要件方面存在明知的情形的，推定为故意犯罪行为，但对该行为的目的有进一步要求的除外。
6. Conduct is the cause of a result when: (a) it is an antecedent but for which the result in question would not have occurred; and; (b) the relationship between the conduct and result satisfies any additional causal requirements imposed by the Code or by the law defining the offense.
译文：有下列情形之一的，行为与结果之间存在因果关系：(a) 行为是结果的前提，没有行为就不会发生结果；并且; (b) 行为与结果之间的关系满足本法典或者关于犯罪定义的其他法律规定的其他因果关系要求。
7. When purposely or knowingly causing a particular result is an element of an offense, the element is not established if the actual result is not within the purpose or the contemplation of the actor unless:
译文：当造成特定结果时存在故意或者明知的情形是一个犯罪构成要件时，如果实际结果不在行为人的目的或者预期范围内，则该要件不成立，但有下列情形之一的除外：
8. When recklessly or negligently causing a particular result is an element of an offense, the element is not established if the actual result is not within the risk of which the actor is aware or, in the case of negligence, of which he should be aware unless:
译文：当造成特定结果时存在盲目自信或者过失的情形是一个犯罪构成要件时，在盲目自信的情况下，如果实际结果不在行为人知道的风险范围内，或者在过失的情况下，如果实际结果不在行为人应该知道的风险范围内，则该要件不成立，但有下列情形之一的除外：
译文：法律规定过失足以构成犯罪要件，行为人的行为存在故意、明知或者盲目自信的情形的，该要件也成立。
2. When acting knowingly suffices to establish an element, such element also is established if a person acts purposely.
译文：法律规定明知足以构成犯罪要件，行为人的行为存在故意的情形的，该要件也成立。
3. When a particular purpose is an element of an offense, the element is established although such purpose is conditional, unless the condition negatives the harm or evil sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense.
译文：法律规定特定目的作为一个犯罪构成要件的，即使是附条件的目的，该要件也成立，但所附条件否定了有关该犯罪的法律旨在防止的伤害或者犯罪行为的除外。
4. When knowledge of the existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge is established if a person is aware of a high probability of its existence, unless he actually believes that it does not exist.
译文：犯罪构成要件要求当事人知道存在特定事实，当事人很可能知道该事实的，推定当事人知道该事实，但当事人实际上认为不存在该事实的除外。
5. A requirement that an offense be committed wilfully is satisfied if a person acts knowingly with respect to the material elements of the offense, unless a purpose to impose further requirements appears.
译文：当事人的行为在犯罪的实质要件方面存在明知的情形的，推定为故意犯罪行为，但对该行为的目的有进一步要求的除外。
6. Conduct is the cause of a result when: (a) it is an antecedent but for which the result in question would not have occurred; and; (b) the relationship between the conduct and result satisfies any additional causal requirements imposed by the Code or by the law defining the offense.
译文：有下列情形之一的，行为与结果之间存在因果关系：(a) 行为是结果的前提，没有行为就不会发生结果；并且; (b) 行为与结果之间的关系满足本法典或者关于犯罪定义的其他法律规定的其他因果关系要求。
7. When purposely or knowingly causing a particular result is an element of an offense, the element is not established if the actual result is not within the purpose or the contemplation of the actor unless:
译文：当造成特定结果时存在故意或者明知的情形是一个犯罪构成要件时，如果实际结果不在行为人的目的或者预期范围内，则该要件不成立，但有下列情形之一的除外：
8. When recklessly or negligently causing a particular result is an element of an offense, the element is not established if the actual result is not within the risk of which the actor is aware or, in the case of negligence, of which he should be aware unless:
译文：当造成特定结果时存在盲目自信或者过失的情形是一个犯罪构成要件时，在盲目自信的情况下，如果实际结果不在行为人知道的风险范围内，或者在过失的情况下，如果实际结果不在行为人应该知道的风险范围内，则该要件不成立，但有下列情形之一的除外：
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