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18521536308法律翻译研究：电信网络诈骗
2022-06-25
笔者认为，“电信网络诈骗”一词翻译成“wire fraud”更为准确简练。参考依据：
- The elements of wire fraud under Section 1343 directly parallel those of the mail fraud statute, but require the use of an interstate telephone call or electronic communication made in furtherance of the scheme. United States v. Briscoe, 65 F.3d 576, 583 (7th Cir. 1995) (citing United States v. Ames Sintering Co., 927 F.2d 232, 234 (6th Cir. 1990) (per curiam)); United States v. Frey, 42 F.3d 795, 797 (3d Cir. 1994) (wire fraud is identical to mail fraud statute except that it speaks of communications transmitted by wire); see also, e.g., United States v. Profit, 49 F.3d 404, 406 n. 1 (8th Cir.) (the four essential elements of the crime of wire fraud are: (1) that the defendant voluntarily and intentionally devised or participated in a scheme to defraud another out of money; (2) that the defendant did so with the intent to defraud; (3) that it was reasonably foreseeable that interstate wire communications would be used; and (4) that interstate wire communications were in fact used) (citing Manual of Model Criminal Jury Instructions for the District Courts of the Eighth Circuit 6.18.1341 (West 1994)), cert. denied, 115 S.Ct. 2289 (1995); United States v. Hanson, 41 F.3d 580, 583 (10th Cir. 1994) (two elements comprise the crime of wire fraud: (1) a scheme or artifice to defraud; and (2) use of interstate wire communication to facilitate that scheme); United States v. Faulkner, 17 F.3d 745, 771 (5th Cir. 1994) (essential elements of wire fraud are: (1) a scheme to defraud and (2) the use of, or causing the use of, interstate wire communications to execute the scheme), cert. denied, 115 S.Ct. 193 (1995); United States v. Cassiere, 4 F.3d 1006 (1st Cir. 1993) (to prove wire fraud government must show (1) scheme to defraud by means of false pretenses, (2) defendant's knowing and willful participation in scheme with intent to defraud, and (3) use of interstate wire communications in furtherance of scheme); United States v. Maxwell, 920 F.2d 1028, 1035 (D.C. Cir. 1990) ("Wire fraud requires proof of (1) a scheme to defraud; and (2) the use of an interstate wire communication to further the scheme."). （941. 18 U.S.C. 1343—ELEMENTS OF WIRE FRAUD）
- Fraud committed by means of electronic communication, as by telephone or modem.（美国传统词典）
- A situation where a person concocts a scheme to defraud or obtain money based on false representation or promises. This criminal act is done using electronic communications or an interstate communications facility.（Investopeda金融术语）
- Fraud committed using a means of electronic communication (as a telephone or computer)（韦氏大学词典）
- Wire fraud is a type of fraud that involves the use of some form of telecommunications or the internet. This type of crime can use any and all forms of electronic media, including telephones, fax machines, email, and social media.（https://www.cushyfamily.com/what-is-wire-fraud-conspiracy/）
据此，“反电信网络诈骗”一词翻译成“anti-wire fraud”，“反电信网络诈骗法” 一词翻译成“Anti-Wire Fraud Law”。
以上仅为笔者拙见，如有不当之处，请同行批评指正！
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