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18521536308法律翻译研究：defend, indemnify and hold harmless
2022-06-25
在英文合同、协议的条款中，经常出现defend, indemnify and hold harmless 与free from and against搭配使用的表述，具体使用时的排序可能有所不同，但含义完全相同。这种表达方式包含了当事人的赔偿义务和辩护义务。这种句子通常都是长句，在翻译中有一定的难度。笔者根据长期的翻译经验，建议在翻译这种句子时采用颠倒结构的翻译法。例如，“因……，发生…..，致使甲方遭受和承担损失和损害的，乙方应当向甲方作出相应的赔偿，并为甲方辩护责任”。
以下是几个例句的翻译，供同行批评指正。
1. 原文：Consultant shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless AAA, its subsidiaries or affiliates, officers, directors, employees and agents from and against any damage, liability, loss or expense (including attorneys’ fees) sustained, incurred, paid or required to be paid by AAA, its subsidiaries or affiliates, officers, directors, employees and agents, which arises out of or is related to Consultant’s failure or alleged failure to comply, in whole or in part, with any of Consultant’s obligations under this Agreement.
译文：因咨询公司实际或涉嫌（完全或部分）不履行本协议项下咨询公司的任何义务，致使AAA或其子公司、关联公司、管理人员、董事、员工和代理人遭受、发生、承担或必须承担任何损害、责任、损失或费用（包括律师费）的，咨询公司应当向AAA或其子公司、关联公司、管理人员、董事、员工和代理人作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任。
2. 原文：Subject to the limitations of liability set forth in this Agreement, each Party agrees to indemnify and save harmless the other Party and its affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners, employees, agents and other personnel, from any third-party liabilities, causes of action, lawsuits, penalties, damages, claims or demands (including the costs and expenses and reasonable attorneys' fees on account thereof) that may be made:
译文：在不违反本协议中有关责任限制规定的前提下，各方同意，一方或其子公司及各自的管理人员、董事、股东、会员、合伙人、员工、代理人和其他人员因下列任何原因而遭受或承担任何第三方责任、诉讼事由、诉讼、处罚、损害、索赔、权利主张（包括成本、费用以及合理的律师费）的，另一方应当作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任：
3. 原文：Distributor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless AAA, its owners, members, officers, directors, agents, representatives and employees and their successors and assigns, from and against any and all damages, liabilities, losses, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys' fees) resulting from any claims arising out of or in connection with
译文：AAA及其业主、股东、管理人员、董事、代理人、代表和员工及其承继人和受让人因下列任何原因而遭受或承担任何损害赔偿、责任、损失、费用和开支（包括但不限于律师费）的，经销商应当作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任：
4. 原文：Buyer and Seller do each hereby agree to indemnify, defend, protect and hold the other harmless from and against any costs, expenses or liability for compensation, commission or charges which may be claimed by any broker, finder or other similar party, other than said named Brokers by reason of any dealings or act of the indemnifying Party.
译文：买卖双方分别特此同意，除上述指定的经纪人外，任何其他经纪人、中间人、其他相关方因赔偿方的任何交易或行为向受偿方提出赔偿、佣金或服务费的主张，致使受偿方承担任何成本、费用或责任的，赔偿方应当作出相应的赔偿，并为受偿方承担辩护责任。
5. 原文：Seller and Purchaser jointly and severally (with right of contribution) agree to defend (by attorneys selected by Escrowee), indemnify and hold Escrowee harmless from and against all costs, claims and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with the performance of Escrowee's duties hereunder, except with respect to actions or omissions taken or suffered by Escrowee in bad faith or in willful disregard of this contract or involving gross negligence on the part of Escrowee.
译文：除因受托人恶意和故意不遵守本合同的行为及涉及受托人存在重大过失的情形外，受托人因履行本合同项下的受托义务而发生和承担的所有成本、费用和索赔（包括合理的律师费），买卖双方同意承担连带赔偿责任（但有权分摊），并（由受托人选择的律师）为受托人承担辩护责任。
6. 原文：Supplier shall indemnify and hold harmless AAA, and, at AAA's request, defend AAA and the AAA Indemnitees from and against any Damages arising from or relating to any claim that AAA infringes any proprietary rights of any third party as a result of the Services provided under this Agreement.
译文：因本协议项下提供的服务，任何第三方主张AAA侵犯其任何专有权利，对AAA提出任何索赔而导致AAA和AAA受偿人遭受和承担的或与之相关的损害赔偿，供应商应当作出相应的赔偿，经AAA提出要求后，为AAA和AAA受偿人承担辩护责任。
7. 原文：Supplier agrees to defend, Indemnify and hold AAA, and its employees, officers, directors, representatives, and Affiliates harmless from and against any claims that may arise as a result of Supplier accessing, downloading, using or distributing any software applications from any AAA internal software distribution site.
译文：因供应商访问任何AAA内部软件发布网站或下载、使用、发布来自AAA内部软件发布网站的任何软件程序，致使AAA及其员工、管理人员、董事、代表和关联方遭受任何索赔的，供应商同意对AAA及其员工、管理人员、董事、代表和子公司作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任。
8. 原文：The Subcontractor agrees to indemnify and keep the Contractor indemnified and harmless against all actions or claims of infringement of any other third party's patent, copyright, trade secret or other intellectual property right effective in the Territory in respect of AAA's and/or the Employer's proper use of the Subcontracted Works in accordance with the terms of this Subcontract.
译文：因AAA和/或用人单位依据本分包合同的条款正当使用分包工程，任何其他第三方主张侵犯其在代理区域内有效的专利、版权、商业秘密或者其他知识产权，对承包商提出侵权诉讼或索赔的，分包商同意对承包商。
9. 原文：Licensor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Delegate, for any damages, loss, cost, and expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred by Delegate in connection with any actual or alleged (a) claim, liabilities, proceedings or actions (“Claim”) for breach of any obligation or representation made by Licensor in this Agreement; and (b) Claim that the Products or sale or distribution of Products infringes, misappropriates or violates any copyright, trademark, trade secret, privacy, publicity or other intellectual property or proprietary right of any party; and (c) any other Claims in connection with or arising out of this Agreement.
译文：因实际或涉嫌以下情形，致使被许可人遭受和承担相关的任何损害赔偿、损失、费用和开支（包括但不限于合理的律师费和律师的开支）的，许可人应当作出相应的赔偿，并为被许可人商承担辩护责任：(a)因许可人违反本协议规定的义务或承诺而引起的索赔、责任、诉讼或其他法律程序（以下统称“索赔”）；(b)以产品或产品的销售或经销活动侵犯、不正当使用或违反任何人的版权、商标权、商业秘密、隐私、声誉、其他知识产权或专有权利为由提出的索赔；(c)因本协议而引起的或与之相关的的任何其它索赔。
10. 原文：The Concessionaire shall fully indemnify, hold harmless and defend the Government Indemnified Persons from and against any and all suits, proceedings, actions, claims, demands, liabilities and damages which the Government Indemnified Persons may hereafter suffer, or pay by reason of any demands, claims, suits or proceedings arising out of claims of infringement of any domestic or foreign patent rights, copyrights or other intellectual property, proprietary or confidentiality rights with respect to any materials, information, design or process used by the Concessionaire or by the Concessionaire's Contractors in performing the Concessionaire's obligations or in any way incorporated in or related to the Project.
译文：因特许经营人或其承包商在履行特许经营人的义务过程中使用的、以任何方式纳入项目中的或与项目相关的任何材料、信息、设计或工艺侵犯国内外任何专利权、版权、其他知识产权、专有权利或保密权利而引起的任何权利主张、索赔、诉讼或其他法律程序，致使政府受偿人遭受或承担成文法和衡平法上的任何诉讼、其他法律程序、索赔、权利主张、责任和损害赔偿的，特许经营人应当作出充分的赔偿，并为政府受偿人承担辩护责任。
以下是几个例句的翻译，供同行批评指正。
1. 原文：Consultant shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless AAA, its subsidiaries or affiliates, officers, directors, employees and agents from and against any damage, liability, loss or expense (including attorneys’ fees) sustained, incurred, paid or required to be paid by AAA, its subsidiaries or affiliates, officers, directors, employees and agents, which arises out of or is related to Consultant’s failure or alleged failure to comply, in whole or in part, with any of Consultant’s obligations under this Agreement.
译文：因咨询公司实际或涉嫌（完全或部分）不履行本协议项下咨询公司的任何义务，致使AAA或其子公司、关联公司、管理人员、董事、员工和代理人遭受、发生、承担或必须承担任何损害、责任、损失或费用（包括律师费）的，咨询公司应当向AAA或其子公司、关联公司、管理人员、董事、员工和代理人作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任。
2. 原文：Subject to the limitations of liability set forth in this Agreement, each Party agrees to indemnify and save harmless the other Party and its affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners, employees, agents and other personnel, from any third-party liabilities, causes of action, lawsuits, penalties, damages, claims or demands (including the costs and expenses and reasonable attorneys' fees on account thereof) that may be made:
译文：在不违反本协议中有关责任限制规定的前提下，各方同意，一方或其子公司及各自的管理人员、董事、股东、会员、合伙人、员工、代理人和其他人员因下列任何原因而遭受或承担任何第三方责任、诉讼事由、诉讼、处罚、损害、索赔、权利主张（包括成本、费用以及合理的律师费）的，另一方应当作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任：
3. 原文：Distributor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless AAA, its owners, members, officers, directors, agents, representatives and employees and their successors and assigns, from and against any and all damages, liabilities, losses, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys' fees) resulting from any claims arising out of or in connection with
译文：AAA及其业主、股东、管理人员、董事、代理人、代表和员工及其承继人和受让人因下列任何原因而遭受或承担任何损害赔偿、责任、损失、费用和开支（包括但不限于律师费）的，经销商应当作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任：
4. 原文：Buyer and Seller do each hereby agree to indemnify, defend, protect and hold the other harmless from and against any costs, expenses or liability for compensation, commission or charges which may be claimed by any broker, finder or other similar party, other than said named Brokers by reason of any dealings or act of the indemnifying Party.
译文：买卖双方分别特此同意，除上述指定的经纪人外，任何其他经纪人、中间人、其他相关方因赔偿方的任何交易或行为向受偿方提出赔偿、佣金或服务费的主张，致使受偿方承担任何成本、费用或责任的，赔偿方应当作出相应的赔偿，并为受偿方承担辩护责任。
5. 原文：Seller and Purchaser jointly and severally (with right of contribution) agree to defend (by attorneys selected by Escrowee), indemnify and hold Escrowee harmless from and against all costs, claims and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with the performance of Escrowee's duties hereunder, except with respect to actions or omissions taken or suffered by Escrowee in bad faith or in willful disregard of this contract or involving gross negligence on the part of Escrowee.
译文：除因受托人恶意和故意不遵守本合同的行为及涉及受托人存在重大过失的情形外，受托人因履行本合同项下的受托义务而发生和承担的所有成本、费用和索赔（包括合理的律师费），买卖双方同意承担连带赔偿责任（但有权分摊），并（由受托人选择的律师）为受托人承担辩护责任。
6. 原文：Supplier shall indemnify and hold harmless AAA, and, at AAA's request, defend AAA and the AAA Indemnitees from and against any Damages arising from or relating to any claim that AAA infringes any proprietary rights of any third party as a result of the Services provided under this Agreement.
译文：因本协议项下提供的服务，任何第三方主张AAA侵犯其任何专有权利，对AAA提出任何索赔而导致AAA和AAA受偿人遭受和承担的或与之相关的损害赔偿，供应商应当作出相应的赔偿，经AAA提出要求后，为AAA和AAA受偿人承担辩护责任。
7. 原文：Supplier agrees to defend, Indemnify and hold AAA, and its employees, officers, directors, representatives, and Affiliates harmless from and against any claims that may arise as a result of Supplier accessing, downloading, using or distributing any software applications from any AAA internal software distribution site.
译文：因供应商访问任何AAA内部软件发布网站或下载、使用、发布来自AAA内部软件发布网站的任何软件程序，致使AAA及其员工、管理人员、董事、代表和关联方遭受任何索赔的，供应商同意对AAA及其员工、管理人员、董事、代表和子公司作出相应的赔偿，并为其承担辩护责任。
8. 原文：The Subcontractor agrees to indemnify and keep the Contractor indemnified and harmless against all actions or claims of infringement of any other third party's patent, copyright, trade secret or other intellectual property right effective in the Territory in respect of AAA's and/or the Employer's proper use of the Subcontracted Works in accordance with the terms of this Subcontract.
译文：因AAA和/或用人单位依据本分包合同的条款正当使用分包工程，任何其他第三方主张侵犯其在代理区域内有效的专利、版权、商业秘密或者其他知识产权，对承包商提出侵权诉讼或索赔的，分包商同意对承包商。
9. 原文：Licensor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Delegate, for any damages, loss, cost, and expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred by Delegate in connection with any actual or alleged (a) claim, liabilities, proceedings or actions (“Claim”) for breach of any obligation or representation made by Licensor in this Agreement; and (b) Claim that the Products or sale or distribution of Products infringes, misappropriates or violates any copyright, trademark, trade secret, privacy, publicity or other intellectual property or proprietary right of any party; and (c) any other Claims in connection with or arising out of this Agreement.
译文：因实际或涉嫌以下情形，致使被许可人遭受和承担相关的任何损害赔偿、损失、费用和开支（包括但不限于合理的律师费和律师的开支）的，许可人应当作出相应的赔偿，并为被许可人商承担辩护责任：(a)因许可人违反本协议规定的义务或承诺而引起的索赔、责任、诉讼或其他法律程序（以下统称“索赔”）；(b)以产品或产品的销售或经销活动侵犯、不正当使用或违反任何人的版权、商标权、商业秘密、隐私、声誉、其他知识产权或专有权利为由提出的索赔；(c)因本协议而引起的或与之相关的的任何其它索赔。
10. 原文：The Concessionaire shall fully indemnify, hold harmless and defend the Government Indemnified Persons from and against any and all suits, proceedings, actions, claims, demands, liabilities and damages which the Government Indemnified Persons may hereafter suffer, or pay by reason of any demands, claims, suits or proceedings arising out of claims of infringement of any domestic or foreign patent rights, copyrights or other intellectual property, proprietary or confidentiality rights with respect to any materials, information, design or process used by the Concessionaire or by the Concessionaire's Contractors in performing the Concessionaire's obligations or in any way incorporated in or related to the Project.
译文：因特许经营人或其承包商在履行特许经营人的义务过程中使用的、以任何方式纳入项目中的或与项目相关的任何材料、信息、设计或工艺侵犯国内外任何专利权、版权、其他知识产权、专有权利或保密权利而引起的任何权利主张、索赔、诉讼或其他法律程序，致使政府受偿人遭受或承担成文法和衡平法上的任何诉讼、其他法律程序、索赔、权利主张、责任和损害赔偿的，特许经营人应当作出充分的赔偿，并为政府受偿人承担辩护责任。
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